Here's an interesting one; scientists scanning the cortex of a woman imprisoned for MSBP/Witchcraft Syndrome, whose involuntary responses under an MRI scan are those to be expected from an innocent person.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18029153
It's chargeable academic article so I won't reprint it, but the
'Munchausen's syndrome by proxy' or a 'miscarriage of justice'? An initial application of functional neuroimaging to the question of guilt versus innocence
Spence SA, Kaylor-Hughes CJ, Brook ML, Lankappa ST, Wilkinson ID.
Academic Clinical Psychiatry, University of Sheffield, The Longley Centre, Norwood Grange Drive, Sheffield, UK. s.a.spence@sheffield.ac.uk
'Munchausen's syndrome by proxy' characteristically describes women alleged to have fabricated or induced illnesses in children under their care, purportedly to attract attention. Where conclusive evidence exists the condition's aetiology remains speculative, where such evidence is lacking diagnosis hinges upon denial of wrong-doing (conduct also compatible with innocence).
How might investigators obtain objective evidence of guilt or innocence? Here, we examine the case of a woman convicted of poisoning a child. She served a prison sentence but continues to profess her innocence. Using a modified fMRI protocol (previously published in 2001) we scanned the subject while she affirmed her account of events and that of her accusers. We hypothesized that she would exhibit longer response times in association with greater activation of ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices when endorsing those statements she believed to be false (i.e., when she 'lied').
The subject was scanned 4 times at 3 Tesla. Results revealed significantly longer response times and relatively greater activation of ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices when she endorsed her accusers' version of events. Hence, while we have not 'proven' that this subject is innocent, we demonstrate that her behavioural and functional anatomical parameters behave as if she were.
Notice the reference to where such evidence is lacking diagnosis hinges upon denial of wrong-doing? This is the feature that determines that MSBP really is Witchcraft Syndrome by any other name, pricipally because it pinches the "ducking stool" accusatory logic from the 17th Century.
